criticisms will be seen to come in the context of the love of God for his people. Often Christians will rightly criticise the behaviour, the morality, or the doctrine of other Christians. That is their duty if they are concerned for each other’s spiritual well-being, but this too often moves quickly into a condemnation of the other Christian which virtually suggests they are ‘heretics’ or that they were never really ‘true’ Christians after all. Jude’s concern for this congregation emanates from his